Knowns and unknowns of cattle grazing in oil palm plantations. A review

نویسندگان

چکیده

Population growth and improving living standards are leading to a growing demand for beef. The understorey in the 19 million hectares of oil palm plantation worldwide represent source cattle feed, while also sparing additional land conversion grazing. Research on grazing under is novel knowledge lacking long-term profitability sustainability system, major deterrent cattle–oil farming system adoption. Here we review current literature plantations, highlight knowns unknowns impacts understorey, productivity, as well economic implications. This review’s outcomes following: (i) although utilization feed advantage integrated systems, declining productivity ageing indicates need alternative solutions sustained over plantation’s lifecycle; (ii) yields were reported increase integration but evidence was weak, both pathways through which impacted by should be further explored; (iii) analyses showed plantations profitable large-scale producers due sales, returns enhanced reductions weeding fertilizer costs; (iv) sustainable found difficult smallholder constraints practice free-grazing; options these systems explored. systematic concluded that has great potential research required develop locally specific productive grazed with plantations.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Agronomy for Sustainable Development

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['1774-0746', '1773-0155']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-021-00723-x